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The Queens Campus or Old Queens Campus is a historic section of the College Avenue Campus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in the United States. The Queens Campus spans one city block on a hilltop overlooking the Raritan River. In 1807, the heirs of John Parker of Perth Amboy led by James Parker, Jr., a prominent local merchant and political figure, donated a six-acre apple orchard to the trustees of Queen's College and its grammar school. The college—which was renamed Rutgers College in 1825—built its first building, Old Queens, from 1809 to 1823. Old Queens was used for instruction, student chapel services, and housed members of the college's faculty. In the institution's early years, the building housed the college, its grammar school (until 1830), and the New Brunswick Theological Seminary (until 1856). By the end of the nineteenth century, the Queens Campus contained seven buildings designed by architects John McComb, Jr., Nicholas Wyckoff, Williard Smith, Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, and Van Campen Taylor. These buildings were erected to accommodate the small but expanding liberal arts college's classroom instruction, student activities, faculty offices, chapel, library, and housing into the middle of the twentieth century. Six buildings remain and are used to accommodate the university's core administrative offices, a geological museum, the college chapel, and a former astronomical observatory that is no longer used. The Queens Campus was included on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The oldest building, Old Queens, was designated as a national landmark in 1976. ==History== The Queens Campus contains the historic core of the Rutgers University community and houses the offices of the university's president and key administrative posts. The campus is located on one city block adjacent to New Brunswick's commercial district. This block is bounded by Somerset Street, George Street, Hamilton Street, and College Avenue.〔Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. (Rutgers University Maps: College Avenue Campus Map ). Retrieved November 13, 2013.〕 The six building that occupy the campus are the university's oldest structures and represent a range of nineteenth-century architectural styles. Due to its architectural and historical significance, Queens Campus was included on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1973, and on the National Register of Historic Places on July 2, 1973.〔The Queens Campus (total of six buildings and grounds) is listed as SHPO ID# 1881, and NRHP Reference #73001113. See: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJ DEP) – Historic Preservation Office. (New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Middlesex County ) (Last Updated April 5, 2013), 7. Retrieved September 5, 2013.〕〔Barr, Michael C. and Wilkens, Edward. (National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form for Queens Campus at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ) (1973). Retrieved September 5, 2013.〕 Often evoked as a symbol of the university's heritage, Old Queens was listed as a National Historic Landmark on May 11, 1976.〔〔National Park Service. (National Historic Landmarks Program – Old Queens ). Retrieved October 30, 2013.〕 The hilltop on which Queens Campus was later erected was where Alexander Hamilton, then an artillery captain commanding sixty men of the New York Provincial Company of Artillery, placed his cannons to cover the retreat of George Washington's forces in late November 1776.〔Fischer, David Hackett. ''Washington's Crossing''. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 109–125, 130–131; Chernow, Ron. ''Alexander Hamilton''. (New York: Penguin Books, 2004), 83–84.〕〔Demarest, William Henry Steele. ''History of Rutgers College: 1776–1924''. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers College, 1924).〕 After disastrous defeats at Long Island, Harlem Heights, and Fort Washington, Washington surrendered New York City to the British. British forces commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis under orders from Lieutenant General William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe pursued Washington as far as New Brunswick, where he and his troops forded the Raritan River and passed through New Brunswick on their way south into Pennsylvania.〔〔 Positioned on the hilltop above the Raritan, Hamilton's artillery slowed the British advance and afforded Washington sufficient time to escape.〔〔 One American combatant, Captain Enoch Anderson, remarked that, "A severe cannonading took place on both sides, and several were killed and wounded on our side."〔Anderson, Enoch. "Personal Recollections of Captain Enoch Anderson, an Officer of the Delaware Regiments in the Revolutionary War" in ''Historical and Biographical Papers Historical Society of Delaware'' (Wilmington; Historical Society of Delaware 1895) 2:25.〕 The British forces occupied New Brunswick for the next seven months, and a battalion of Hessian troops were encamped on the site.〔 A historic marker erected as a gift of the Class of 1899 is located next to the chapel marking the location of Hamilton's battery.〔The Historical Marker Database. (Alexander Hamilton Horse Artillery Battery ) (New Brunswick, New Jersey). Retrieved September 8, 2013.〕 A few years after receiving its charter in 1766, Queen's College began holding classes in a local tavern and students boarded at houses in the city.〔Demarest, William Henry Steele. ''A History of Rutgers College, 1766–1924''. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1924).〕〔McCormick, Richard Patrick. ''Rutgers: A Bicentennial History'' (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1966.〕 The Rev. Ira Condict became the school's third president in 1795, but financial constraints forced the college to close for several years. Condict focused on operating the college's grammar school until sufficient funds were raised to support the college's reopening.〔Rutgers College and Raven, John Howard (Rev.) (compiler). ''(Catalogue of the Officers and Alumni of Rutgers College (originally Queen's College) in New Brunswick, N.J., 1766–1916 )''. (Trenton, New Jersey: State Gazette Publishing Company, 1916).〕 In 1807, Perth Amboy merchant John Parker bequeathed a six-acre apple orchard on a hill in New Brunswick to the trustees of Queen's College.〔 Condict had been raising funds to reopen the school with the assistance of Andrew Kirkpatrick, Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, a trustee who taught at the grammar school in 1782.〔 With a successful fundraising effort, obtaining the support of the Reformed Church's Synod of New York, and with Parker's donation of the six-acre apple orchard tract, Queen's College was reopened.〔 Demarest, David D. ''(Centennial of the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in America, formerly the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 1784–1884 )''. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Board of Publication of the Reformed Church in America, 1885)〕 The trustees decided to build a large building to house the college's instruction, and provide housing for the faculty, to house the grammar school. The building would also house a theological seminary, run by the Rev. John Henry Livingston, that the Synod decided to move from New York to New Brunswick.〔 Condict laid the cornerstone of Old Queens in 1809.〔 The following year, he resigned as president despite requests that he accept the post in full capacity. Condict elected to return to teaching and toward ministering to his congregation at the city's First Reformed Church, and he was succeeded by Livingston.〔〔 The college, grammar school, and theological seminary shared Old Queens for several years, although Queen's College would close again for a few years later after continued financial troubles in the wake of the War of 1812.〔 In 1825, after an effort by Livingston to raise funds and a generous donation by Colonel Henry Rutgers, the college reopened. The trustees renamed it Rutgers College in honor of Rutgers' gift.〔 In 1830, the grammar school moved to a building across College Avenue, built by Nicholas Wyckoff, now known as Alexander Johnston Hall.〔(National Register of Historic Places. Inventory Nomination Form for Rutgers Preparatory School (Alexander Johnston Hall) at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ) (1975). Retrieved September 27, 2013.〕 After student bodies of both the college and theological seminary expanded in the 1850s, the New Brunswick Theological Seminary built their own building, Hertzog Hall, on a hill one half-mile away in 1856.〔Hageman, Howard G. ''Two Centuries Plus: The Story of the New Brunswick Seminary''. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdsman Publishing Company, 1984), 73–76.〕〔Lewis, Joseph Volney. ''(Rutgers College: The Celebration of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of Its Founding as Queen's College, 1766–1916 )''. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers College, 1917)〕 The grammar school would remain associated with the University until 1957. With the university fully transitioning from a private institution into a state university, the university and the school, now called Rutgers Preparatory School severed their ties. The preparatory school relocated to a new campus in Somerset.〔 〔 In the 1860s, Rutgers would began expanding with the addition of science, engineering, military, and agricultural education as New Jersey's sole land grant college, and with substantial financial support and donations.〔 In the last four decades of the 19th century, Rutgers would build its first astronomical observatory, a geological hall, a chapel and library, and it first dormitory on the Queens Campus tract, erecting a building to house the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (1889) across Hamilton Street from the campus, and by expanding its college farm to the east of the city.〔Murray, David. ''Hand-Book of the Grounds and Buildings and the Memorials, Portraits and Busts of Rutgers College''. Rutgers College Publication No. 11. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers College, 1904), passim.〕 In the first two decades of the twentieth century, Rutgers would expand its student body, and build a larger campus in New Brunswick—starting a with library (1903), gymanisum, and additional classroom buildings on the Voorhees Mall. The university would continue to expand in New Brunswick, Piscataway, and surrounding communities with the addition of land that is now the College Avenue, Busch, Livingston, Cook, Douglass campuses. It has grown from a small liberal arts college offering instruction to a student body of a few hundred students to a major state university bestowing over 14,000 degrees a year.〔Rutgers University Foundation. (Our Supporters ). Retrieved October 29, 2013.〕 At present, 65,000 undergraduate and graduate students currently study at Rutgers, instructed by more than 9,000 full-time and part-time faculty and supported by more than 15,000 full-time and part-time staff members.〔Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. ("Numbers, Statistics and Stories to Tell: Facts & Figures ). Retrieved October 29, 2013.〕 In Rutgers' 247 years, over 450,000 alumni from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 foreign countries have attended and received degrees from the university.〔 Today, the buildings on the Queens Campus house the administrative offices for one of America's largest state university systems with four major campuses in three cities and programs statewide, the college chapel, an active geological museum, and a preserved nineteenth-century astronomical observatory. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Queens Campus, Rutgers University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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